World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific

Equity, social determinants, human rights, gender and health


Over recent decades, much progress has been made in improving health outcomes for all. However, the Western Pacific Region faces increasing inequalities in health. Weak health systems put poor or otherwise socially excluded communities and households, in particular, at a disadvantage.

Health is a fundamental human right that must be recognized as central to the broader development and poverty reduction agenda. In addition, countries and areas must address the social determinants of health and ensure more equitable access to services by reducing socially determined barriers, including poverty, gender and ethnicity.

Equity and health

Evidence suggests that the impressive health gains achieved over recent decades are unequally distributed and have largely failed to reach the poor and other marginalized or socially excluded groups. Persistent and growing inequalities in health are increasingly evident, both between and within countries.

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Social determinants of health

The WHO Western Pacific Regional Office provides support to strengthen national capacities to address the social determinants of health and to develop and implement policies and programmes—both within health and across other sectors—to reduce health inequities. Its work in this area links closely to its work in health systems strengthening and promoting a primary health care approach.

[more information]

 
Human rights and health

The right to health is a fundamental right. The enjoyment of this right is crucial for ensuring equitable health outcomes. Health and human rights are linked in at least three ways:

  • Human rights violations can have serious health consequences.
  • Depending on how they are designed or implemented, health policies and programmes can either promote or violate human rights.
  • Taking steps to respect, protect and fulfil human rights can reduce ill-health or vulnerability to ill-health.

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Gender and health

The health of men and women is influenced not only by their living conditions, social and economic status and occupational profile but also by gender. Analysis increasingly reveals differentials between men and women, arising from sex and gender, across health conditions. Gender is a determinant of health. Efforts to improve overall health status must include due attention to how unequal gender relations influence health.

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Publications and documents

Integrating poverty and gender into health programmes - a sourcebook for health professionals. Module on sexual and reproductive health (2008)

Integrating poverty and gender into health programmes - A sourcebook for health professionals: Module on HIV/AIDS (2008)

Integrating Poverty and Gender into Health Programmes : A Sourcebook for Health Professionals (Module on Curricular Integration) (2005)

Integrating Poverty and Gender into Health Programmes : A Sourcebook for Health Professionals (Module on Mental Health) (2005)

Integrating Poverty and Gender into Health Programmes: A report on surveys of health ministries and educational institutions (2005)

Integrating Poverty and Gender into Health Programmes: A Sourcebook for Health Professionals (Foundational Module on Gender) (2008)

Integrating Poverty and Gender into Health Programmes: A Sourcebook for Health Professionals (Foundational Module on Poverty) (2006)

 

Integrating Poverty and Gender into Health Programmes: A Sourcebook for Health Professionals (Module on Ageing) (2006)

Integrating Poverty and Gender into Health Programmes: A Sourcebook for Health Professionals (Module on Gender-Based Violence) (2005)

Integrating Poverty and Gender into Health Programmes: A Sourcebook for Health Professionals (Module on Malaria) (2006)

Integrating Poverty and Gender into Health Programmes: A Sourcebook for Health Professionals (Module on Noncommunicable Diseases) (2007)

Integrating Poverty and Gender into Health Programmes - A Sourcebook for Health Professionals. Module on Water, Sanitation and Food (2009)

Reaching the Poor:
Challenges for TB Programme in the Western Pacific Region (2004)

Reaching the Poor: Challenges for Child Health in the Western Pacific Region (2007)

[more publications and documents]



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Contact Person

Ms. Anjana Bhushan
Technical Officer Health in Development
Tel: (+632) 528-9814