World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific

Harm reduction among injecting drug users

Harm reduction is the application of good public health principles to the problem of HIV. It is a phrase used to describe a concept aiming to prevent or reduce negative health consequences associated with certain behaviours.

In relation to drug use, harm reduction is consistent with a pragmatic public health approach to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in which evidence-based HIV/AIDS strategies targeting drug users are promoted.

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Fact sheets

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News and press releases

7 December 2009
Drug use pushing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia
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03 November 2005
Drug substitution treatment steps up fight against HIV/AIDS
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Relevant publications and documents

A strategy to halt and reverse the HIV epidemic among people who inject drugs in Asia and the Pacific 2010-2015
This document is a call to action and a road map to ensure that the HIV and hepatitis epidemics among people who use drugs and their sexual partners in the Asia Pacific region will be halted. It is a collective product prepared on behalf of the United Nations Regional Task Force on Injecting Drug use and HIV for Asia and the Pacific. The strategy is designed to provide a regional framework, and it identifies issues and priorities and provides guidance to countries in the region for developing national strategic responses over the next six years. It shows the important link between halting the HIV epidemic and health and development, and will help countries achieve United Nations Millennium Devlopment Goal 6 that calls for a halt and a reverse in the spread of HIV by 2015. The strategy also addresses new challenges and the responses required to overcome them, including the diagnosis and treatment of the hepatitis C co-infection and the need for evidence-based drug treatment for people who use methamphetamines. All the responses to these challenges should be guided by strategic information and grounded in the meaningful involvement of people who use drugs.

Priority HIV and sexual health interventions in the health sector for men who have sex with men and transgender people in the Asia-Pacific Region
This document identifies the priority interventions required by the health sector to meet the HIV and sexual health needs of men who have sex with men and transgender persons. Key recommendations from WHO standards of practice and key resources are emphasized to highlight how national health sector partners can strengthen their response to HIV among men who have sex with men and transgender persons. It guides the selection and prioritization of interventions for HIV prevention, treatment, care and support, as well as directs readers to key resources of WHO and other organizations containing the best available information on the health sector response to the emerging HIV crisis among men who have sex with men. It is designed for public health decision-makers, national AIDS programme managers, health-care providers, managers of community-based organizations, civil society, and people living with and affected by HIV and international development partners.

Clinical Guidelines for Withdrawal Management and Treatment of Drug Dependence in Closed Settings
These WHO guidelines are designed to assist staff of closed settings to provide safe and effective withdrawal management and treatment services for people who use drugs in the Western Pacific Region. It provides information about drugs and drug dependence; the management of drug withdrawal; and approaches to treatment for drug dependence. For the purposes of this document, "closed settings" refers to prisons, work camps, compulsory drug treatment centres and any other institution in which people are detained.

Training Manual for Clinical Guidelines for Withdrawal Management and Treatment of Drug Dependence in Closed Settings
This training manual has been written as a companion to the WHO Clinical Guidelines for Withdrawal Management & Treatment of Drug Dependence in Closed Settings. It contains comprehensive trainer's notes and participant handouts. A powerpoint slideshow is also provided as a teaching aid. The training decribed in this manual is suitable for all people who work in a health or welfare capacity in closed settings and whose work involves people who use drugs. Throughout the trainer's notes are sections of boxed text containing references to participant handouts. These should be used to ensure participants are looking at the correct handouts. Also in boxed text are suggested activities. The trainer may wish to use these, or to use other activities that they have found useful in training. 

Assessment of Compulsory Treatment of People Who Use Drugs in Cambodia, China, Malaysia and Viet Nam: Application of Selected Human Rights Principles
The human right to health is recognized in various binding and non-binding agreements under international law. It is universal, which implies that everybody--including people who use drugs--is entitled to this right.

Guidance on Testing and Counselling for HIV in Settings Attended by People Who Inject Drugs - Improving Access to Treatment, Care and Prevention
This document offers basic operational guidance on HIV testing and counseling in settings attended by people who inject drugs (PWID). It is intended for a wide audience, including policy-makers, HIV/AIDS programme planners and coordinators, care providers, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) providing services for HIV-related conditions, and civil society groups. This is a joint publication of WHO (WPRO and SEARO) and UNODC (Regional Centre for East Asia and the Pacific). It is an additional instrument to allow people who use drugs to access health services, respecting the diversity and the human rights of all at need.

Health Sector Response to HIV/AIDS Among Men Who Have Sex With Men - Report of the Consultation

HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment for People Who Inject Drugs in Asia and the Pacific - An Essential Practice Guide
This guide is based on the European guidelines developed by WHO/EURO followed by a consultative process. The initial working group was convened in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and a first draft for regional adaptation was completed in August 2006. An online consultative process was then established to finalize the document. The guide is based on the discussions with health care workers, researchers and programme managers from South-East Asia and the Western Pacific Regions and the experiences from scaling-up ART and harm reduction services. The guide is meant to be complementary to the global ART guidelines and are considering the need of physicians, programme planners, other health care workers, People Living with HIV, and drug users to have one simplified user-friendly reference guide for the national adaptation on management of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy for IDUs.

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HIV/AIDS and STI