The development, production and use of biological and chemical weapons are prohibited by international treaties to which most states of the world have subscribed: the 1925 Geneva Protocol, the 1972 Biological and Toxin Convention and the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention. Not all states have joined, and valid concerns remain that these weapons may still be utilized by some state and non-state entities for purposes of terrorism.

Preparedness for deliberate use of biological and chemical agents requires the collaboration of the intelligence community, law enforcement agencies, public health professionals and the biomedical sciences community. Adequate background data on the natural behaviour of infectious diseases facilitate the recognition of unusual events and help determine whether suspicions of deliberate cause should be investigated.

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